Micropropagation for Rapid Multiplication of Planting Material in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Authors

  • Shiji R Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CTCRI), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695017, Kerala, India
  • James George Project Coordinator - AICRP on Tuber Crops Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CTCRI), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695017, Kerala, India
  • Sunitha S Principal Scientist - AICRP on Tuber Crops Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CTCRI), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695017, Kerala, India
  • Muthuraj R Senior Scientist - Seed Technology Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CTCRI), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695017, Kerala, India

Keywords:

In vitro regeneration, micropropagation, BAP, NAA, hardening

Abstract

Rapid multiplication of planting material in cassava through tissue culture techniques such as shoot  initiation, micropropagation and hardening was studied in cassava variety Sree Padmanabha. The  effect of nodal segments from axillary bud of the field grown cassava cultured in Murashige and  Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were evaluated based on different  parameters viz., number of shoots, number of roots, number of leaves and number of nodes. Minimal  risk of contamination was observed with sterilization in 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min, which was found to be  an effective surface sterilant. For in vitro regeneration using apical node as explant, MS media with  0.3 mg l-1 NAA was found to be the best in terms of shoot having three nodes. When in vitro shoots  were inoculated in MS media with 0.1 mg l-1 NAA, rooting was the most profuse. Nodal explants took  one month for development into plantlets having three nodes. Potential number of planting material  production from one nodal explant using micropropagation techniques was estimated to be ranging  from 16,000 to 17,000 in one year period. Well rooted in vitro plantlets in sterilized vermiculite with  4-5 cm length were found suitable for hardening and subsequent transplanting, which gave 91%success after two months of hardening.

Author Biography

Muthuraj R, Senior Scientist - Seed Technology Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CTCRI), Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695017, Kerala, India

Se

References

Acedo, V. Z. 2002. Meristem culture and micropropagation of

cassava. J. Root Crops, 28(1): 1-7.

Acedo, V. Z. 2003. Propagation of purple yam (Dioscorea alata)

through tissue culture. J. Root Crops, 29(2): 7-16.

Acedo, V. Z. 2009. Meristem culture and micropropagation of

cassava. J. Root Crops, 45: 65-78.

Acedo, V. Z. and Labana, C. U. 2008. Rapid propagation of released

Philippine cassava varieties through tissue culture. J. Root Crops,

: 108-114.

Alabi, O. J., Kumar, P. L. and Naidu, R. A. 2011. Cassava mosaic

disease: A curse to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Online.

APSnetFeatures. doi:10.1094/APSnetFeature-2011-0701.

Behera, K. K., Sahoo, S. S. and Prusti, A. 2010. Micropropagation

of greater yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Hatikhujia) through vine

nodes. J. Root Crops, 36(1): 27-32.

Bernardo, O., Roberto, S. and Armando, B. 2002. Micropropagation

of cassava plants through the temporary immersion

system and hardening of massive numbers of cassava vitro plants.

In: Proceedings of the 7th Regional Cassava Workshop on Cassava

Research and Development in Asia: Exploring New

Opportunities for an Ancient Crop, Howeler, R. H. (Ed.).

Bankok, Thailand. pp. 161-173.

Best, R. and Henry, G. 1994. Cassava: towards the year 2000.

In: International Network for Cassava Genetic

Resources. International Crop Network Series No. 10, IPGRI,

Rome, Italy.

Cacai, G., Ahanhanzo, C., Adjanohoun, A., Houedjissin, S.,

Azokpota, P. and Agbangla, C. 2013. Hormonal influence on

the in vitro bud burst of some cassava varieties and accessions

from Benin. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 12(13): 1475-1481.

Chen, Y. Q., Fan, J. Y., Yi, F., Luo, Z. X. and Fu, Y. S. 2003. Rapid

clonal propagation of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Plant Cell Tiss.

Org. Cult., 73: 75-80.

Deepthi, D. C., George, J. and John, B. A. 2010. Effect of explant

position and sucrose concentration on the in vitro regeneration

of cassava. J. Root Crops, 36(2): 145-148.

Demeke, Y., Tefera, W., Dechassa, N. and Abebie, B. 2014. Effects

of plant growth regulators on in vitro cultured nodal explants

of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) clones. Afr. J. Biotechnol.,

(28): 2830-2839.

Fan, M., Liu, Z., Zhou, L., Lin, T., Liu, Y. and Luo, L. 2011. Effects

of plant growth regulators and saccharide on in vitro plant and

tuberous root regeneration of cassava (Manihot esculenta

Crantz). J. Plant Growth Regul., 30: 11-19.

FAOSTAT. 2011. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations. faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx.

George, E. F. and Sherrington, P. D. 1984. Plant Propagation by

Tissue Culture. Handbook and Directory of Commercial

Laboratories. Exergetics Ltd., Eversely, UK.

George, J. and Nedunchezhiyan, M. 2008. Rapid propagation

techniques in tuber crops. In: Advance Techniques in Quality

Planting Material Production and Commercial Cultivation of

Tropical Tuber Crops. Nedunchezhiyan, M. (Ed.). Regional

Centre, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar.

pp. 70-78.

Jorge, M. A. B. 2002. Factors affecting the hardening and

acclimatisation of tissue-cultured cassava (Manihot esculenta

Crantz) plantlets. PhD Thesis, Department of Crop Science,

University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Kane, M. E. 2005. Shoot culture procedures. In: Plant Development

and Biotechnology Trigiano, R. N. and Gray, D. J. (Eds.). CRC

Press, Boca Raton. pp. 145-157.

Kartha, K. K. and Gamborg, O. L. 1975. Elimination of cassava

mosaic disease by meristem cultutre. Phytopath., 65: 826-828.

Kartha, K. K., Gamborg, O. L., Constabel, F. and Shyluk, J. P. 1974.

Regeneration of cassava plants from apical meristems. Plant Sci.

Lett., 2:107-113.

Kharat, S. G., Bhave, S. G., Nadkarni, H. R., Sawant, S. S. and

Bendale, V. W. 2008. Micropropagation of lesser yam (Dioscorea

esculenta (Lour.) Burk). J. Root Crops, 34(1): 65-69.

Konan, N. K., Sangwan, R. S. and Sangwan N. B. S. 2006. Efficient

in vitro shoot regeneration system in cassava (Manihot esculenta

Crantz). J. Plant. Breed., 113: 227-236

Konan, N. K., Schopke, C., Carcamo, R., Beachy, R. N. and Fauquet,

C. 1997. An efficient mass propagation system for cassava

(Manihot esculenta Crantz) based on nodal explants and axillary

bud-derived meristems. Plant Cell Rep., 16: 444-449.

Medina, R. D., Faloci M. M., Gonzalez A. M. and Mroginski, L. A.

In vitro cultured primary roots derived from stem

segments of cassava (Manihot escuenta) can behave like storage

organs. Ann. Bot., 209: 444-449.

Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid

growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant,

: 473-497.

Nair, N. G. 1990. Performance of viruses free cassava developed

through meristem tip culture. J. Root Crops, 16: 123-131.

Nair, N. G. and Chandra Babu, S. C. 1996. In vitro production and

micropropagation of three species of edible yams. In: Tropical

Tuber Crops: Problems, Prospects and Future Strategies. Kurup,

G. T., Palaniswami, M. S., Potty, V. P., Padmaja, G., Kabeera

thumma, S. and Pillai, S. V. (Eds.). Oxford and IBH Publishing,

New Delhi, pp. 211-215.

Nair, N. G., Kartha, K. K. and Gamborg, O. L. 1979. Effect of

growth regulators on plant regeneration from shoot apical

meristem of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and on the

culture of internodes in vitro. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., Bd.,

S. 51-56.

Ohyama, K. 1970. Tissue culture in mulberry tree. Japan Agric.

Res. Quarterly, 5: 30-34.

Rajitha, M., Dhanya Jayaseelan., Dhanya, M. K., Hegde, V.,

Makeshkumar, T. and Jeeva, M. L. 2011. In vitro growth response

of different varieties of greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.). J. Root

Crops, 37(1): 54-59.

Roca, W. M. 1979. Meristem Culture in Cassava - Principles and

Procedures. Genetic Resource Unit. CIAT, Cali, Columbia.

Schopke, C., Chabarriaga, P., Faquet, C. and Beachy, R. N. 1992.

Cassava tissue culture and improvement of culture medium.

Proc.. Cassava Biotechnol. Network, 17: 140-142.

Smith, M. K., Biggs, B. J. and Scott, K. J. 1986. In vitro propagation

of cassava. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult., 6: 221-228.

Zok, S., Nyochemeing, L., Tambong, J. and Watoch, T. 1992. Rapid

seed stock multiplication of improved clones of cassava through

shoot tip culture in Cameroon. Proc. Cassava Biotechnol.

Network, 17: 96-98.

Downloads

Published

2015-01-15

How to Cite

R, S., George, J., S, S., & R, M. (2015). Micropropagation for Rapid Multiplication of Planting Material in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). JOURNAL OF ROOT CROPS, 40(1), 23–30. Retrieved from https://ojs338.isrc.in/index.php/jrc/article/view/229

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< <