Thippi Compost: A possible avenue for caasava starch factory solid waste managment
Keywords:
Thippi, cassava, compost, C, N ratio, earthwormAbstract
Abstract In India, cassava cultivation is confined mostly in South India. In Tamil Nadu, cassava tubers are used as an industrial raw material for starch and sago production. About 8-10 large scale starch factories and 150-200 small scale starch and sago production units in Tamil Nadu are generating around 40-60 tonnes of solid waste (thippi) per annum creating serious environmental pollution. The present study was undertaken to explore the possibility of managing the waste through composting it to a nutrient rich organic manure. A representative composite thippi sample was made from different lots of the samples collected from the cassava starch factory premises in Tamil Nadu. Physico-chemical, biochemical and biological analysis of thippi revealed that it has high water holding capacity (89%), good porosity (94.6%), low bulk density (0.58g/cm3). Thippi was acidic in nature with very low nutrient content and very high C:N ratio (82:1) indicating as unsuitable to be used as a manure. Hence it was enriched with cheap and easily available nutrient rich sources like cassava leaves / Glyricidia leaves / Azolla for N, apart from cow dung, P and K sources viz., Mussooriphos and rock powder respectively involving 3 different composting agents viz., microbial consortium containing Trichoderma, P and K solubilisers, waste management culture and earthworm (Eudrilus euginea). Composting was done in a pilot scale for a period of 2 months with nine treatment combinations. The mean N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn content of thippi compost was 1.32, 3.82, 0.4, 2.18, 0.96, 1.11, 0.08%, 11.23 and 89.93 ppm respectively which is 3.5, 49, 7, 3.25, 8.1, 185, 100, 2.5 and 12 times than that in thippi. Carbohydrate, starch, cellulose and C:N ratio in thippi compost were reduced but protein was enhanced considerably without any cyanide and fibre contents. Among the treatment combinations, thippi enriched with cow dung, cassava leaves and Glyricidia leaves along with Mussooriphos and rock powder composted with earthworm was found to be the best. Key words: C:N ratio, earthworm, bulk density, protein, celluloseReferences
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